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HMS ''Challenger'' was a steam-assisted Royal Navy ''Pearl''-class corvette launched on 13 February 1858 at the Woolwich Dockyard. She was the flagship of the Australia Station between 1866 and 1870.〔Bastock, pp.47-48.〕 As part of the North America and West Indies Station she took part in 1862 in operations against Mexico, including the occupation of Vera Cruz. Assigned as the flagship of Australia Station in 1866 and in 1868 undertook a punitive operation against some Fijian natives to avenge the murder of a missionary and some of his dependents. She left the Australian Station in late 1870.〔 She was picked to undertake the first global marine research expedition: the ''Challenger'' expedition. The ''Challenger'' carried a complement of 243 officers, scientists and crew when she embarked on her journey. The United States Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' was named after the ship.〔(Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' at the Kennedy Space Centre website ).〕 Her figurehead is on display in the foyer of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. ==1873–1876: Grand tour== The Challenger Expedition was a grand tour of the world during covering 68,000 nautical miles (125,936 km) organized by the Royal Society in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh. Charles Thomson was the leader of a large scientific team. * Captains: George Nares (1873 and 1874) and Frank Tourle Thomson (1875 and 1876) * Naturalists: Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882), Henry Nottidge Moseley (1844–1891) and Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm (1847–1875) * Oceanographers: John Young Buchanan (1844–1925) and John Murray (1841–1914) * Publications: C.W. Thomson, ''Report on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76… prepared under the superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson,... and now of John Murray,...'' (fifty volumes, London, 1880–1895). H.N. Moseley, ''Notes by a naturalist on the Challenger'' (1879). W.J.J. Spry, ''The cruise of the Challenger'' (1876). To enable her to probe the depths, all but two of the ''Challenger's'' guns had been removed and her spars reduced to make more space available. Laboratories, extra cabins and a special dredging platform were installed. She was loaded with specimen jars, alcohol for preservation of samples, microscopes and chemical apparatus, trawls and dredges, thermometers and water sampling bottles, sounding leads and devices to collect sediment from the sea bed and great lengths of rope with which to suspend the equipment into the ocean depths. In all she was supplied with 181 miles (291km) of Italian hemp for sounding, trawling and dredging. The Challenger's crew was the first to sound the deepest part of the ocean, thereafter named the Challenger Deep. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Challenger (1858)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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